UP Board Class 10 Krishi 2023 Question Paper With Answer Key And Solutions PDF

Step 1: Pusa Kartiki is a known variety of brinjal (eggplant) developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). It is specifically bred for its disease resistance and yield.
Step 2: Other options like Cabbage, Knol-Khol, and Cauliflower are different crops and do not include Pusa Kartiki as a variety. Quick Tip: Identify crop varieties by their scientific breeding origin; Pusa varieties are typically from IARI, India.

Step 1: The pH scale measures soil acidity or alkalinity, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH value below 7 indicates acidic soil.
Step 2: Options (A) More than 7.5 and (C) 7.5 indicate neutral to alkaline soil, while (D) 14.0 is highly alkaline, not acidic. Quick Tip: Remember: pH < 7 is acidic, pH = 7 is neutral, and pH > 7 is alkaline.

Step 1: Bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, which includes other gourds and cucurbits like cucumber and pumpkin.
Step 2: Other families listed (Brassicaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Malvaceae) include crops like cabbage, lilies, and cotton respectively, not bottlegourd. Quick Tip: Associate Cucurbitaceae with vine crops like gourds and melons.

Step 1: The recommended seed rate for tomato cultivation is typically 200-300 grams per hectare, depending on the variety and sowing method (direct seeding or transplanting).
Step 2: Higher rates like 400-500 gm or 800-900 gm are excessive, while 100-200 gm may be insufficient for uniform coverage. Quick Tip: Adjust seed rate based on seed quality and planting technique (transplanting usually requires less).

Step 1: Mealybugs are known to attack mango crops, particularly affecting the sap and causing sooty mold.
Step 2: Guava, Turnip, and Carrot are less commonly affected by mealybugs compared to mango. Quick Tip: Mealybugs thrive on soft-stemmed or fruit-bearing plants like mango; use integrated pest management to control.

Step 1: The ring system of irrigation is suitable for orchard crops like litchi, where water is applied in a circular basin around the tree base.
Step 2: Maize, Jwar, and Moong are field crops better suited to furrow or sprinkler irrigation. Quick Tip: Ring irrigation is ideal for trees; ensure proper basin maintenance to avoid waterlogging.

Step 1: For dwarf wheat varieties, the first irrigation is typically done 10-15 days after sowing to support early root development.
Step 2: Later timings (21-45 days) are used for subsequent irrigations, not the first. Quick Tip: Timely irrigation post-sowing enhances germination; monitor soil moisture for precision.

Step 1: Israel is credited with developing and first implementing the modern drip irrigation system in the 1960s, pioneered by Simcha Blass.
Step 2: Other countries adopted it later, with improvements over time. Quick Tip: Drip irrigation conserves water; Israel’s innovation is a benchmark in arid agriculture.

Step 1: Areten (a fungicide, often a brand of mancozeb or similar) is used to treat potato seeds against fungal diseases like late blight.
Step 2: Urea is a nitrogen fertilizer, Gypsum is a soil conditioner, and 2,4-D is a herbicide, none suitable for seed treatment. Quick Tip: Use fungicides for seed treatment to prevent rot; follow recommended dosages.

Step 1: A budding knife is a specialized tool used in the budding process (a grafting technique) to insert a bud into the rootstock.
Step 2: Pruning uses shears, while threshing and winnowing are for grain processing, not budding. Quick Tip: Budding requires a sharp, precise knife; sterilize to prevent disease spread.

Step 1: Organic material in soil is derived from natural sources like farmyard manure, which consists of decomposed animal dung and plant residue.
Step 2: Urea and Diammonium phosphate are synthetic fertilizers, while Zinc is a micronutrient, none of which provide organic matter. Quick Tip: Farmyard manure enriches soil organic content; compost it well before application.

Step 1: Heavy clay soil has fine particles that retain water, leading to poor drainage and waterlogging due to low permeability.
Step 2: Sandy soil and loamy soil drain well, while sandy loamy soil has moderate drainage, making clay soil the primary candidate for drainage issues. Quick Tip: Improve clay soil drainage with organic matter or raised beds.

Step 1: Ambe bahar and Mrig bahar are flowering seasons specific to mango cultivation in India, influencing fruit yield.
Step 2: These terms are not associated with Papaya, Apple, or Guava, which have different flowering patterns. Quick Tip: Bahar treatments in mango optimize flowering; timing is key for yield.

Step 1: Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) contains approximately 20% nitrogen by weight, calculated from its molecular composition.
Step 2: Other options (46%, 15%, 25%) do not match the nitrogen content of ammonium chloride, which is lower than urea (46%) or ammonium nitrate (25-35%). Quick Tip: Check nitrogen content on fertilizer labels; ammonium chloride is a moderate nitrogen source.

Step 1: Kufri kundan is an early-maturing potato variety, typically ready for harvest in 70-90 days, developed by the Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI).
Step 2: Kufri chamatkari, Kufri deva, and Kufri alankar are medium to late-maturing varieties. Quick Tip: Early varieties like Kufri kundan suit short growing seasons; check maturity duration.

Step 1: 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a synthetic auxin herbicide, commonly used as a weedicide to control broadleaf weeds.
Step 2: It is not an insecticide, fungicide, or nematode controller, which target insects, fungi, and nematodes respectively. Quick Tip: Use 2,4-D selectively for weeds; avoid drift to non-target crops.

Step 1: Sodium benzoate is a chemical preservative used in food and beverages to extend shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth.
Step 2: It is not an insecticide, weedicide, or virus, which serve different purposes. Quick Tip: Sodium benzoate is effective in acidic foods; check legal limits for use.

Step 1: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) in animals is caused by a virus from the Picornaviridae family, specifically the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV).
Step 2: Bacteria, fungi, and poisonous ration are not the causal agents of this disease. Quick Tip: FMD is highly contagious; vaccination is a key preventive measure.

Step 1: Bacteria, such as species of Erwinia and Pseudomonas, are primary spoilage agents causing rot in fruits and vegetables.
Step 2: Preservatives, salt and sugar, and weedicides are used to prevent spoilage, not cause it. Quick Tip: Control bacterial spoilage with proper storage and preservatives like vinegar.

Step 1: Papain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex of unripe papaya fruit (Carica papaya), used in meat tenderizing and pharmaceuticals.
Step 2: Mango, Guava, and Ber do not produce papain as a significant enzyme. Quick Tip: Papain is harvested from green papaya; handle latex with care to avoid skin irritation.

Step 1: Areten (a fungicide, often a brand of mancozeb) and Mancozeb are commonly used to treat potato seeds against fungal diseases like late blight.
Step 2: These chemicals help protect the crop during early growth stages by preventing rot and fungal infections. Quick Tip: Use fungicides in recommended doses and ensure proper seed coverage.

Step 1: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the plant roots, conserving water and reducing evaporation.
Step 2: Furrow irrigation involves channeling water between crop rows, suitable for row crops like maize. Quick Tip: Choose irrigation method based on crop type and water availability.

Step 1: Vetiver grass has deep roots that stabilize soil and prevent erosion on slopes.
Step 2: Alfalfa, with its extensive root system, also helps in reducing soil erosion on agricultural land. Quick Tip: Plant erosion-resistant crops on slopes to enhance soil stability.

Step 1: Red Lady is a popular hybrid papaya variety known for its high yield and red flesh.
Step 2: Coorg Honey Dew is a traditional variety from India, valued for its sweet, yellow-orange fruit. Quick Tip: Select papaya varieties based on climate and market preference.

Step 1: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) contains 18% nitrogen (N) and 46% phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), which is equivalent to approximately 20% elemental phosphorus.
Step 2: These values are standard for DAP, a widely used fertilizer providing both nutrients. Quick Tip: Check fertilizer labels for exact N-P-K ratios before application.

Step 1: The botanical name of potato is Solanum tuberosum, a species within the Solanaceae family.
Step 2: The Solanaceae family also includes crops like tomato and eggplant. Quick Tip: Memorize botanical names using family traits; Solanaceae often have nightshade relatives.

Step 1: CSR 10 and CSR 27 are salt-tolerant paddy varieties developed for usar (saline) soil conditions by the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI).
Step 2: These varieties are bred to withstand high salinity and waterlogging. Quick Tip: Choose saline-tolerant varieties for usar soils to improve yield.

Step 1: Foot and mouth disease in animals is characterized by a sudden onset of fever.
Step 2: Blisters and sores on the mouth, tongue, and between the hooves are also common symptoms. Quick Tip: Early detection of FMD symptoms aids in quick quarantine and treatment.

Step 1: Secateurs are used for pruning branches to shape plants and remove dead wood.
Step 2: They are also employed for harvesting fruits and flowers with precision. Quick Tip: Keep secateurs sharp and clean to ensure clean cuts and prevent disease spread.

Step 1: Green manure, such as leguminous crops, adds organic matter and nutrients like nitrogen to improve soil fertility.
Step 2: It also helps reduce soil erosion by covering the soil and stabilizing it with root systems. Quick Tip: Incorporate green manure before flowering for maximum nutrient benefit.

Step 1: Pusa Naveen and Pusa Summer Prolific are varieties developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) known for high yield and adaptability.
Step 2: Arka Bahar, from the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), and CO 1, from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, are also recognized bottlegourd varieties. Quick Tip: Select bottlegourd varieties based on regional climate and market demand.

Step 1: Proper drainage prevents waterlogging, which can suffocate plant roots.
Step 2: It improves aeration by allowing oxygen to reach the soil, reduces salinity by leaching excess salts, and enhances root growth by maintaining optimal moisture. Quick Tip: Ensure good drainage in clay soils to avoid compaction and nutrient loss.

Step 1: The basin system conserves water by applying it directly to the root zone of trees.
Step 2: It is ideal for tree crops, reduces weed growth by limiting water to the basin, and ensures uniform water distribution for effective irrigation. Quick Tip: Use basin irrigation for orchards; maintain basin integrity to prevent leaks.

Step 1: HD 2967 and PBW 590 are late-sown wheat varieties known for their adaptability to delayed planting in India.
Step 2: DBW 17 and HI 1564 are also bred for late sowing, offering good yield under shorter growing periods. Quick Tip: Choose late-sown varieties with shorter maturity periods for delayed planting.

Step 1: Cow dung is a moist, dark brown organic material consisting of undigested plant fiber, microbes, and moisture.
Step 2: A typical diagram would show a pile with labels for organic matter (e.g., cellulose) and moisture, representing its composition as a natural fertilizer. Quick Tip: Sketch cow dung as a heap; label key components for educational purposes.

Step 1: Organic manuring improves soil structure by adding organic matter, enhancing water retention.
Step 2: It releases nutrients slowly, reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers, and promotes beneficial microbial activity in the soil. Quick Tip: Apply organic manure well before planting for best soil health benefits.

Step 1: Preservation extends shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth and enzymatic activity.
Step 2: It maintains nutritional value, prevents spoilage, and ensures fruits are available throughout the year. Quick Tip: Use methods like canning or drying to preserve fruit quality effectively.

Step 1: Tomato sauce and ketchup are processed products made by cooking and seasoning tomatoes.
Step 2: Tomato puree is a concentrated form, and sun-dried tomatoes are dehydrated for long-term storage. Quick Tip: Process tomatoes when fresh to maximize flavor and nutrient retention.

a) Selection of soil and preparation: Wheat thrives in deep, fertile loamy soils with good drainage and a pH of 6.0-7.5. Sandy loam to clay loam is ideal. Preparation involves 3-4 ploughings followed by harrowing to achieve a fine tilth, incorporating 10-12.5 tons/ha of farmyard manure (FYM) 5-6 weeks before sowing.

b) Two improved varieties: HD 2967 (high-yielding, rust-resistant) and PBW 502 (suitable for timely sown irrigated conditions, good chapati quality).

c) Time of sowing and seed rate per hectare: Optimal sowing time is mid-October to mid-November for timely varieties (e.g., 1-15 Nov in North West Plain Zone). Seed rate: 100-125 kg/ha for normal sowing.

d) Manure and fertilizer per hectare: Apply 120 kg N, 60 kg P₂O₅, and 40 kg K₂O per hectare. Full P and K, and half N as basal; remaining N at crown root initiation stage.

e) Yield per hectare: Average yield is 40-50 q/ha (4-5 tons/ha) under irrigated conditions with improved practices. Quick Tip: Timely sowing and balanced fertilization are key to achieving high wheat yields; monitor soil moisture for optimal irrigation.

a) Selection of soil and preparation: Well-drained sandy loam or loamy soil with pH 6.0-7.0; avoid waterlogging. Prepare by ploughing twice, incorporating 20-25 tons/ha FYM, and digging pits (60x60x60 cm) filled with topsoil + 20 kg FYM.

b) Two improved varieties: Red Lady (hybrid, high yield, red flesh) and Pusa Dwarf (compact, early bearing, suitable for high density).

c) Manure and fertilizer: Basal: 10 kg FYM/plant. Annual: 400 g N, 250 g P₂O₅, 400 g K₂O per plant in 6 split doses; micronutrients like ZnSO₄ (0.5%) if deficient.

d) Planting time and distance in between: Plant in June-July (rainy season start). Spacing: 2.0 x 2.0 m or 2.5 x 1.8 m for high density (two plants/pit at 30 cm apart).

e) Time of irrigation and method: Irrigate immediately after planting; young plants: 1-2 times/week; mature: every 7-10 days in summer, 10-15 days in winter. Use drip or basin method to avoid water contact with stem. Quick Tip: Papaya is sensitive to waterlogging; ensure good drainage and use drip irrigation for water efficiency.

a) Selection of soil and preparation: Well-drained sandy loam with pH 6.0-7.5; avoid saline/acidic soils. Plough 2-3 times to fine tilth, incorporate 20-25 tons/ha FYM in last ploughing; prepare raised beds (90-120 cm wide).

b) Two improved varieties: Arka Khyati (hybrid, red bulb, high yield) and Pusa Red (multiplier, disease-resistant).

c) Preparation of nursery and seed rate per hectare: Raise nursery in October-November (Rabi); sow seeds 1 cm deep in lines 5-7.5 cm apart on beds with FYM. Seed rate: 8-10 kg/ha for transplanting (transplant 6-8 week old seedlings).

d) Manure and fertilizer per hectare: 20-25 tons/ha FYM basal. NPK: 100-120 kg N, 50-60 kg P₂O₅, 50-60 kg K₂O; half N basal, rest in splits; add 40 kg/ha ZnSO₄.

e) Time of irrigation and method: Irrigate at transplanting and every 7-10 days; light irrigation initially, frequent during bulb formation. Use drip/sprinkler to prevent waterlogging; stop 10 days before harvest. Quick Tip: Onion is sensitive to water stress during bulb development; maintain consistent moisture with drip irrigation.

a) Selection of soil and preparation: Sandy loam rich in organic matter, pH 6.5-7.5, good drainage. Plough 2-3 times to fine tilth, incorporate 20-25 tons/ha FYM; prepare raised beds or furrows 2-3 m apart.

b) Two improved varieties: Pusa Summer Prolific Long (high yield, long fruits) and Pusa Naveen (early, prolific bearer).

c) Time of sowing and seed rate per hectare: Sow in February-March (summer) or June-July (rainy); seed rate: 5-6 kg/ha, sow 2-3 seeds/hill at 1-1.5 m plant spacing.

d) Manure and fertilizer per hectare: 20-25 tons/ha FYM basal. NPK: 100 kg N, 50 kg P₂O₅, 50 kg K₂O; half N basal, rest at 30 and 50 DAS.

e) Time of irrigation and method: Irrigate immediately after sowing; every 5-7 days in summer, less in rainy season (total 8-9 irrigations). Use furrow or drip method; avoid waterlogging. Quick Tip: Bottlegourd vines need support; use trellising for better fruit quality and yield.