CBSE Class 12 2025 Geography 64-5-1 Question paper Set -1:Download Solutions with Answer Key

Looking at the table, the countries that belong to Europe are:

- Switzerland
- Austria
- Germany

Thus, the maximum number of countries in the table belong to Europe, which is three countries.


Thus, the correct answer is (C) Europe.
Quick Tip: When studying data from countries across continents, check the geographical regions of each country to determine the highest count from a given set of continents.

The Human Development Index (HDI) values of the countries from the table are:

- Singapore: 0.939 (highest)

- Germany: 0.942

- Israel: 0.919

- Mexico: 0.758 (lowest)


Thus, the correct order from low to high HDI value is: Mexico (III), Israel (IV), Singapore (I), and Germany (II).


Thus, the correct answer is (B) III, IV, I, II.
Quick Tip: When arranging countries based on HDI values, always refer to the given HDI values and place countries accordingly, from the lowest to the highest.

- Austria is located in Europe. Hence, option (A) is the correct match.

- Cuba is located in North America, not Africa.

- Chile is located in South America, not Asia.

- Mexico is located in North America, not South America.


Thus, the correct answer is (A) Austria - Europe.
Quick Tip: To match countries with continents, refer to their geographical locations on the world map.

A person can avail the services of a professional by paying a fee for the specialized services provided. These professionals have the required expertise, practical training, and theoretical knowledge in their field, such as healthcare, law, education, or governance. Quick Tip: Professionals offer specialized services in exchange for a fee. These services are typically linked to health, education, law, and other sectors requiring specific expertise.

The main difference between secondary and tertiary sectors is that the secondary sector involves the manufacturing and production of goods from raw materials (e.g., industries), while the tertiary sector involves the provision of services, such as education, healthcare, and law. In other words, the secondary sector transforms resources into products, and the tertiary sector focuses on offering professional services. Quick Tip: Secondary sector deals with the manufacturing of goods, while the tertiary sector focuses on providing services.

An example of the relationship between the primary and secondary sectors is in the agriculture industry. The primary sector involves farming, where raw materials such as crops are produced. These materials are then taken by the secondary sector to be processed into finished goods, such as food products, which are further distributed or consumed. Quick Tip: The primary sector provides raw materials (e.g., crops) to the secondary sector, which processes them into finished goods (e.g., food products).

The given railway line connects Kamloops in the West to Sydney in the East. Kamloops is located in British Columbia, while Sydney is located in the Nova Scotia province, on the eastern coast of Canada. The line covers a wide expanse of the country, providing an essential link between the Pacific and Atlantic coasts.


The map provided clearly shows Kamloops as the starting point in the West and Sydney as the ending point in the East.
Quick Tip: To identify terminal stations on a map, look for the first and last stops along the railway line. Terminal stations mark the boundaries of the railway network.

- In the East direction, the railway line lies close to the Atlantic Ocean. The line passes through several cities on the eastern side of Canada, where the Atlantic Ocean is a key feature along the coast. The Atlantic Ocean is also connected to international trade routes, making the eastern terminal economically significant.


- In the West direction, the railway line is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. The western terminal, Kamloops, is situated near the Pacific coast, which is essential for trade with countries across the Pacific, particularly Asia and the United States.


This geographical positioning makes the railway line strategically important for facilitating international trade.
Quick Tip: Oceans on both sides of a railway line indicate the connection of the railway to major international trade routes. The East is linked to the Atlantic Ocean, and the West is connected to the Pacific Ocean.

The railway line shown on the map connects significant urban centers across Canada, linking the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. This rail network is critical for several reasons:


1. Facilitating Trade: The railway line plays a crucial role in the movement of goods across Canada. It connects major ports on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, which are key for importing and exporting goods. The line thus supports Canada's international trade, particularly with countries in Europe, Asia, and the United States.


2. Supporting Economic Development: By linking rural, industrial, and urban areas, the railway promotes regional economic development. Remote areas that would otherwise have limited access to global markets benefit from the railway’s connectivity.


3. Boosting the Mining and Forestry Industries: The railway line serves as an important transportation route for raw materials, such as minerals and lumber, which are vital to Canada’s economy. These industries rely heavily on the efficient transportation provided by the railway.


4. Job Creation and Infrastructure Development: The railway line also supports employment in sectors like transportation, logistics, manufacturing, and infrastructure development. The presence of this transportation network enhances Canada's industrial capabilities and competitiveness in the global market.


In summary, this railway line is not just a physical infrastructure but a backbone of Canada's economy, connecting vital trade routes, supporting industries, and facilitating the movement of goods and services across the country.
Quick Tip: Railway lines are essential for economic integration, enabling efficient movement of goods, supporting industries, and connecting remote areas to global markets.

The number of towns/UAs in 1991 was 4,689, while in 1941 it was 2,250. Therefore, the increase in number of towns/UAs in 1991 compared to 1941 is: \[ 4,689 - 2,250 = 2,439. \]
Thus, there was an increase of 2,439 towns/UAs from 1941 to 1991. Quick Tip: To find the increase, subtract the earlier year value from the later year value.

By observing the table, the minimum increase in the percentage of urban population is recorded in the decade between 1981 and 1991, where the increase is from 23.34% to 25.71%, which is a 2.37% increase.


Thus, the decade from 1981 to 1991 shows the minimum increase in urban population percentage. Quick Tip: To find the minimum increase, compare the difference in percentage values for each decade.

The decennial growth in urbanisation shows significant changes in India. The growth rate has fluctuated over the decades:

- The highest growth rate was recorded between 1981 and 1991, with a decennial growth rate of 46.14%.

- The lowest growth rate occurred between 1991 and 2001, with a decennial growth rate of 31.13%.


Overall, there has been a consistent increase in the urban population, reflecting the increasing trend of urbanisation in India, although the rate of increase has slowed down in the last decade. Quick Tip: Decennial growth helps in understanding the pace at which urban population is increasing. It's calculated by comparing the urban population of one decade to the next.

The rearing of animals in ranches is indeed organized on a scientific basis. This approach is commonly referred to as "ranching," which involves the large-scale breeding and management of livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and horses, primarily for meat, wool, or other products. The scientific aspect of ranching includes the use of modern techniques in breeding, feeding, health management, and pasture management.


- Breeding Techniques:

Ranches apply genetic selection to improve the quality and quantity of livestock, ensuring healthier and more productive animals.

- Feeding and Nutrition:

Ranchers use scientifically formulated diets to optimize the growth and health of the animals, ensuring they are provided with balanced nutrients.

- Animal Health Management:

Vaccinations, medications, and disease control methods are implemented to maintain the health of the animals.

- Pasture Management:

Grazing patterns are managed to avoid overgrazing and to maintain the fertility of the land. This scientific method ensures the sustainable production of livestock while maintaining the health of the land.


In conclusion, ranching is based on scientific principles that ensure maximum productivity, sustainability, and the well-being of both the animals and the environment.
Quick Tip: Ranching relies on scientific methods for breeding, nutrition, and health management to ensure high productivity and sustainable practices.

A mixed economy refers to an economic system that combines elements of both capitalism and socialism. In a mixed economy, industries are categorized into three main sectors: public, private, and joint. These sectors play an essential role in the functioning of the economy by balancing government control and private enterprise.


- Public Sector:

The public sector consists of industries and enterprises owned and operated by the government. The government controls industries related to defense, infrastructure, education, healthcare, and natural resources to ensure equitable distribution and public welfare. Examples include public utilities, railways, and postal services.

- Private Sector:

The private sector is made up of industries and businesses owned and operated by private individuals or corporations. These industries focus on profit-making and competition in the market. Examples include retail businesses, technology companies, and manufacturing firms.

- Joint Sector:

The joint sector refers to industries where both the government and private individuals or organizations share ownership and management. This sector combines the benefits of both public and private sectors, where the government provides resources and regulatory oversight, while private businesses contribute entrepreneurial expertise. Examples include joint ventures in areas like energy, telecommunications, and infrastructure.


In a mixed economy, the balance between these sectors allows for the efficient allocation of resources while addressing social needs and promoting economic growth.
Quick Tip: In a mixed economy, the combination of public, private, and joint sectors ensures both social welfare and economic development.

Personal communication systems, such as mobile phones, the internet, and other communication technologies, enable individuals to directly connect with the world of knowledge and information in various ways. These systems offer platforms where users can access vast amounts of information from different sources like academic databases, news websites, and social media platforms.


- The internet serves as a central hub where users can engage in real-time communication, access digital libraries, research papers, and participate in online courses.

- Social media platforms and discussion forums facilitate the sharing of knowledge across geographical boundaries.

- Mobile phones enable users to communicate instantly and access educational resources, research papers, and news.


Thus, the personal communication system empowers users to explore the global world of knowledge at their convenience and location, contributing to their personal growth and learning. Quick Tip: Personal communication systems enhance accessibility to global information, improving learning, professional development, and real-time communication.

India's pattern of imports has undergone significant changes over the years due to various factors such as industrialization, economic reforms, and globalization. In the past, India primarily imported raw materials and capital goods to support its domestic industries. However, the structure of imports has diversified in recent decades.


- In the 1950s and 1960s, imports mainly consisted of machinery, raw materials, and food grains.

- In the 1990s, following economic liberalization, the country began to import more consumer goods, electronics, and automobiles.

- Currently, India imports a substantial amount of crude oil, gold, and electronic products. As India becomes more integrated with the global economy, the share of manufactured goods and technology imports has increased significantly.


In conclusion, India's import pattern is now more diversified and influenced by the demand for technology, consumer goods, and energy, supporting the country's rapid economic growth. Quick Tip: The shift in India's imports reflects economic liberalization, industrial growth, and increasing consumer demand, highlighting the country’s growing integration into the global economy.