Nomenclature Of Amines: Amino Group, Classification and Rules

When we name compounds by following some definite set of rules then it is called nomenclature. Three primary things are necessary for naming a compound. These three things are :

• Find the parent chain of compounds (longest hydrocarbon).
• To form the suffix, find the functional group.
• To form the prefix, find the substituents.

Suffix or prefixes are formed by the functional group depending upon their priority series. The most commonly used nomenclature throughout the world is the one proposed and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Key Terms: Nomenclature, Amine, Electrons, Alkyl Group, Hydrocarbon, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Carbon

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Rules of Nomenclature

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The step-by-step rules for Nomenclature are the following:

Step 1: First of all, we need to find the longest chain of carbon for the compound.

Step 2: The numbering for the chain of carbon should be done in such a way that carbon atoms (s) that contain the halogen(s) or the X group must have the least possible number. And the carbon that contains double or triple bonds is given the lowest number.

Step 3: The presented multiple halogen atoms in the compound are named in Greek numerical prefixes such as tri, di, and tetra, etc to the same halogen forms of atoms of the total number attached to the carbon atom. When we join more than one halogen atom with the carbon atom, then the numeral will repeat that many times.

Step 4: If in the same compound, the various halogen groups are present then they are named in ascending order by following the alphabets.

Step 5: The halogen atom’s position in the compound is indicated by writing the name and the position of the halogen just before the name of the parent (origin) hydrocarbon.

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How do I write the names?

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The two methodologies of writing names are the following:

• For the parent (origin) hydrocarbon depending upon the total number of carbon atoms in the longest chain of carbons try to write the root word.
• Calculate the total number of halogen atoms that are present. If multiple halogen atoms present then you need to arrange the halogens in the prefix alphabetically and label them in their respective position. But if more than one time, the same halogen atom is present then use tri, di, tetra prefixes.

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Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

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Haloalkane is commonly known as an alkyl halide. The haloalkane written format in IUPAC name is “numerical position-alphabetically placed halo- root-word-ane”

Nomenclature of Haloalkanes

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Nomenclature of Haloarenes

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Haloarene is commonly known as Aryl Halide. In the system of nomenclature, depending on the basic position of the halogen atom in the aromatic ring the numerical prefixes are named.

When more than one halogen atom is present, then the halogen group is named and the aromatic ring is numbered based on the numerical position of the aromatic ring. The writing format of numerical prefixes are (1, 2) ; (1,3) ; (1,4). Always the lowest number is given to the halogen number.

Nomenclature of Haloarenes

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Nomenclature of Some Compounds

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• IUPAC Name of the compound: 1 − Bromo − 2,2 – dimethylpropane. The common name of the compound: neo − Pentylbromide.

CH₂ = CH – CH₂Br

• IUPAC Name of the compound: − 3 – Bromoprop – 1 – ene. Common Name of the compound: Allyl Bromide.

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