Evolution MCQs

Answer: Option (d)

Explanation: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both semi- autonomous organelles because they have their own genetic material. Both mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA contain genes that create proteins required for mitochondrial and chloroplast function, respectively.

Answer: (c) Palaeontology

Explanation: Palaeontology is the study of fossils. The scientific study of prehistoric life on Earth, particularly extinct species, is known as palaeontology. By studying the paleontological evidence from the impressions on the deposited rock in which the species remnants are found, palaeontologists can determine the evolution and prehistoric structure of extinct plants, animals, single- celled living organisms, fungus and bacteria.

Answer: (a) Wings of birds and bats

Explanation: Analogy is the study of creatures with anatomically dissimilar features that execute similar activities. The two organisms do not have a common ancestor. They are, in fact, convergent evolution’s output. An analogy would be the anatomy of a butterfly’s wings and the structure of a bird’s wings, which are not anatomically identical but serve similar roles. Homology is the resemblance of two structures or genes from different taxa due to shared ancestry. The forelimbs of vertebrates are a good example of homologous structures, as bats and birds wings, primates arms, whales front flippers, and four vertebrates.

Answer: (b) Uracil and Cytosine

Explanation: Pyrimidines is one of two types of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. The pyrimidines Uracil and Cytosine are found in RNA. In DNA, we can find pyrimidines Cytosine and Thymine.

Answer: (c) Mutation

Explanation: Mutation is a process which only occurs due to DNA changes sequences. It can occur due to various reasons of which DNA copying faults during the process of cell division. It makes exposure to ionizing radiation and even exposure to chemicals. These are known as virus infections or mutagens.

Answer: (b) Retrovirus

Explanation: HIV full form is Human Immunodeficiency Virus, AIDS is caused by HIV, which impairs the body’s capacity to fight infections. Transfer of virus can occur due to the contact of contaminated sperm, vaginal secretions, or blood. Symptoms which are similar to flu such as sore throat, fever can also appear within some weeks which follows HIV infection. Retrovirus is the virus which contains genetic material of RNA. It created various copies of DNA and its genome which gets inserted into the DNA of the host cell.

Answer: (c ) Both A or B

Explanation: Compound eyes are found in insects. The eyes of insects such as bees and mosquitos differ from human eyes. Because their eyes have so many small lenses, bees and mosquitos can see in multiple directions at the same time. Each animal's specific organs evolve in response to its needs and the environment in which they live. They change their behaviour in response to their surroundings, their activity, and their feeding habits.

Answer: (b) Recombinant DNA technology

Explanation: Genetic engineering is the process of altering an organism’s genetic makeup using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. Change in some genes is known as genetic engineering. To give it a desirable phenotype, genes of different species get inserted to the genome.

Answer: (d) Turner's Syndrome

Explanation: A chromosomal abnormality in which a female has only one X chromosome when she is born. Turner syndrome is caused by a sex xhromosome that is missing or incomplete. Short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, heart problems, and certain learning difficulties are also symptoms.

Answer: (b) Girl

Explanation: Females always have XX chromosomes, whereas males always have XY chromosomes. The sex of the zygote that grows into young ones is determined by the male chromosome. It develops into a girl when the X- chromosome is inherited from the father. It grows into a male when the Y- chromosome is inherited from the father.